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| 聚集与分散:世界一流学科的分布特征研究 |
| Aggregation and Decentralization: a Study on the Distribution of World-class Disciplines |
| 投稿时间：2019-04-11 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 世界一流学科;分布特征;聚集;分散 |
| 英文关键词: world-class discipline;distribution pattern;aggregation;decentralization |
| 基金项目:陕西省教育科学"十三五"规划课题"陕西省高校一流工程学科建设路径研究——基于学科生态系统的视角"（SGH18H079） |
| 作者 | 单位 | | 武建鑫 | 陕西科技大学 教育学院, 西安 710021 |
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| 摘要点击次数: 1841 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 世界一流学科在大学类型和学科类型维度上表现出明显的聚集与分散的分布特征。研究发现，世界一流学科在各类大学中的分布存在"长尾现象"，尽管有大量的世界一流学科聚集在极少数的世界一流大学中，但分散在各类极具特色的非一流大学之中的世界一流学科数量也与其大致相当。世界一流大学的学科聚集度按照自然科学、工程与技术、社会科学、生命科学与医学、人文艺术学科序列平缓递减，准一流大学和非一流大学的学科聚集度随着学科类型的变化在小范围浮动。回应当前的学科建设工作，世界一流大学建设高校应当遵循优势学科的"聚集效应"，重点构建可持续发展的学科生态系统，提升学科建设效率。世界一流学科建设高校需要重新审视其办学定位，基于优势学科整合相关支撑学科，建立具有一定知识广度和深度的学科组织群落。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The world-class disciplines show obvious aggregation and decentralization in two dimensions of university types and discipline types. The author finds that the distribution of world-class disciplines in different types of universities shows a "long tail phenomenon", which means that although many world-class disciplines cluster in the few world-class universities, the number of the world-class disciplines distributed in various featured, non-world-class universities is more or less the same. The discipline aggregation degree in world-class universities is in a slow decline in the sequence of natural sciences, engineering and technology, social sciences, life sciences and medicine, and humanities and arts. The discipline aggregation degree in quasi first-class and non-first-class universities fluctuates slightly according to the change of the discipline types. The author proposes that when facing the current discipline construction work, the world-class universities should follow the "aggregation effect" of the preponderant disciplines with the focus on building a sustainable discipline ecosystem and enhance the discipline construction efficiency. In addition, the author proposes that the world-class construction universities should re-examine their original orientations and build discipline clusters with certain knowledge coverage based on the preponderant disciplines in integration with relevant supporting disciplines. |
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