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| 象牙塔尖的压力与纾解:何以推动博士生心理求助？——基于2019年Nature全球博士生调查的实证分析 |
| Stress and Relief at the Highest Level of Learning Institutions: How Can We Promote Psychological Help among Doctoral Students?——An Empirical Analysis based on the Nature PhD Student Survey 2019 |
| 投稿时间：2021-11-24 |
| DOI：10.19834/j.cnki.yjsjy2011.2022.05.06 |
| 中文关键词: 博士生;心理健康;心理求助;导学关系;学校支持 |
| 英文关键词: doctoral student;mental health;seek psychological help;supervisor-postgraduate relationship;university support |
| 基金项目:教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"中国特色的大学内部治理结构与质量保障机制建设研究"（18JD805） |
| 作者 | 单位 | | 张娟 | 清华大学 教育研究院, 北京 100084 | | 赵祥辉 | 厦门大学 教育研究院, 福建 厦门 361005 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 当前，象牙塔尖的博士生正面临着不同程度的心理健康危机。针对博士生压力纾解的研究，多聚焦于心理健康的影响因素，但缺乏对心理求助行为的关注。基于2019年Nature全球博士生调查数据（n=6512），从个体特征、人际关系和学校支持三重因素切入，探讨了博士生心理求助现状及影响因素。研究发现：第一，博士生整体心理求助率不高，现状不容乐观；第二，博士生心理求助行为存在个人特征差异，男性、非中国本土、有照顾子女责任、留学的博士生存在求助的"沉默者困境"；第三，人际关系中的弱势群体，如导学关系失衡、有被霸凌和歧视经历的博士生对心理求助的需求更大；第四，博士生心理求助的学校支持条件及其作用有待加强。基于此，研究认为培养单位应营造心理支持的整体氛围、开展针对性的心理疏导工作、构筑心理健康的人际支持网络、完善培养支持体系，从而为博士生心理压力的纾解提供良好的制度空间。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| At present, doctoral students at higher-learning institutions are facing different degrees of mental health crisis. However, the research on the stress on and relief for doctoral students mainly focuses on the influencing factors of mental health, but lacks attention to psychological help-seeking behavior. Based on the data from the Nature PhD Student Survey 2019 (n=6512), this study explores the status quo of doctoral students in psychological help seeking and the influencing factors in three aspects of individual characteristics, interpersonal relations and university support. The findings are as follows:first, the overall psychological help-seeking rate of doctoral students is not high and the current situation is not optimistic; Second, doctoral students' help-seeking behaviors have differences in personal characteristics. Specifically, male, non-Chinese native doctoral students, international students and students who have child caring responsibilities tend to be the "the silent" of seeking help; third, vulnerable groups in interpersonal relationships, such as students who suffer from unbalanced supervisor-student relationship, bullying and discrimination, have greater demands for psychological help; fourth, university supports for doctoral students' mental health and the effects of the support should be strengthened. Based on the result of the study, the authors think the training entities should create an overall atmosphere for psychological support, carry out targeted psychological counseling, build a healthy interpersonal mental health support network, and improve the training support system so as to provide an institutional space for doctoral students to relieve their psychological stress. |
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