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| 趋同与异质:专业学位博士毕业生就业结构研究——基于全国30162条专业学位博士毕业生数据的实证分析 |
| Convergence and Heterogeneity: A Study on the Employment Structure of Professional PhD Graduates: Empirical Analysis Based on the Data of 30162 Professional PhD Graduates in China |
| 投稿时间：2024-03-29 |
| DOI：10.19834/j.cnki.yjsjy2011.2025.01.12 |
| 中文关键词: 专业学位;博士毕业生;就业结构;就业规模;就业地区 |
| 英文关键词: professional degree;PhD graduates;employment structure;employment scale;employment area |
| 基金项目:重庆市研究生教育教学改革研究重大项目"科教融合视阈下学术型研究生教育质量提升路径优化研究"(yjg221005);重庆市研究生教育教学改革研究重点项目"基于机器学习的研究生教育质量分析与评价体系的构建"(yjg212012) |
| 作者 | 单位 | | 罗洪川 | 西南大学 西南民族教育与心理研究中心, 重庆 400715
西南大学 研究生院, 重庆 400715 | | 张学敏 | 西南大学 西南民族教育与心理研究中心, 重庆 400715 | | 甘雪岩 | 西南大学 西南民族教育与心理研究中心, 重庆 400715 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 基于全国30162条专业学位博士毕业生数据,从趋同性和异质性两个维度探讨其就业规模、结构及时空分布样态。研究发现,在就业规模方面,专业学位博士毕业生具有高度趋同性,体现在高就业率(99.02%)和低待业率,且不同专业学位类别的博士生就业率均较高。在就业结构方面,因专业学位类别培养目标不同而具有显著异质性,具体体现在就业单位选择异质性、工作性质异质性以及地区分布异质性三个方面。在就业单位选择方面,医学类专业学位博士倾向于选择医疗卫生单位就业,教育博士倾向于选择高等学校就业,工程博士倾向于选择企业就业。在就业工作性质方面,教育博士及工程博士倾向于从事管理工作,医学类专业学位博士倾向于从事教育与(或)科研工作。在就业时空分布方面,人力资本积累地区、高质量经济发展地区的人才供给能力与吸引力显著。基于此,提出教育管理部门、研究生培养单位、就业管理部门及企业应紧密结合国家急需及经济社会发展需求,积极设置开展相关专业学位类别研究生教育并稳步扩大专业学位博士生培养规模。在产教融合和科教融汇的协同育人机制下,致力于培养理论指导实践、实践融合理论的复合型专业学位博士生。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Based on the data of 30162 professional PhD graduates in China, this study explored the scale, structure and spatial-temporal distribution patterns of employment in terms of both convergence and heterogeneity. Research shows a high degree of convergence in the size of employment, reflected in the high employment rate (99.02%) and low unemployment rate, and the different professional degree categories of PhD graduates generally maintain a high employment rate. In terms of employment structure, due to the different training objectives of professional degree categories, there is significant heterogeneity, which is reflected in the heterogeneity of employment unit selection, job nature and regional distribution. In the selection of employment units, the medical professional PhD graduates tend to choose the employment of medical and health units, the education PhD graduates tend to choose the employment of colleges and universities, and the engineering PhD graduates tends to choose the employment of enterprises. In terms of the nature of employment, PhD graduates of education and engineering tend to be engaged in management work, and PhD graduates of medical tend to be engaged in education and/or scientific research work. In terms of the spatial and temporal distribution of employment, it is found that the talent supply capacity and attractiveness of the areas with human capital accumulation and high-quality economic development are significant. Based on this, it is proposed that education management departments, graduate training units, employment management departments and enterprises should closely combine national urgent needs and economic-social development requirements to actively establish graduate education in related professional degree categories and steadily expand professional PhD training. Under the cooperative education mechanism of integration of industry and education and integration of science and education, we are committed to cultivating interdisciplinary doctoral students with theory guiding practice and practice integrating theory. |
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